12/12/2023 0 Comments Imp panelsThe spacecraft essentially controlled itself, and the cosmonauts were expected to initiate maneuvers or corrections only after approval from the MCC and according to its data and parameters. The Russian early missions were mostly automated and controlled from the mission control center (the TsUP). The Soyuz TMA spacecraft and its successors now provide similar functions to the Globus using a computerized world map on a computer display. On Vostok and Voskhod, the inclination to the equator had been constant at 65 degrees by virtue of the booster design limitations and the geographical location of the Baikonur Cosmodrome from which every Soviet and Russian crewed mission had been launched to date, so there was no need to implement inclination modulation into versions 1 to 4 of the IMP. The main functional addition to IMP versions designed for Soyuz was the ability to manually change the orbit inclination. ĭerivatives of Vostok's and Voskhod's IMP have been flown on every Soyuz spacecraft up to the last of the Soyuz TM mission in April 2002. The Globus displayed this data to the crew, and also transmitted electrical data to other systems through a variable resistance and cam-activated switching. which point on Earth's surface it was overflying. The design objectives for the IMP were to compute and display the geographic coordinates at the spacecraft's nadir, i.e. The main difference between IMP versions 1 and 2 (Vostok spacecraft) and later versions (Voskhod and Soyuz) is the addition of the disc-shaped longitude and latitude indicators. The Voskhod spacecraft-and its Globus IMP instruments-is a close derivative of Vostok, which flew six Soviet individuals to low Earth orbit, including the world's first human in space, Yuri Gagarin, and the world's first woman in space, Valentina Tereshkova. It flew two crewed missions, Voskhod 1 (world's first multi-crewed mission, launched on 12 October 1964) and Voskhod 2 (featuring the world's first Extra-vehicular activity, or EVA, commonly called a spacewalk, launched on March 18, 1965). The Voskhod spacecraft was the second generation of spacecraft designed in the crewed Soviet space program, essentially an adaptation of the earlier Vostok spacecraft. Context and purpose Ī IMP Globus instrument within the Voskhod navigation panel However all versions of the IMP were relatively similar with respect to design, purpose and operation. This article specifically covers IMP Version 3, used in Voskhod 1, since Version 3 has been more extensively documented than earlier versions used during the Vostok missions and subsequent versions for the more complex Soyuz. The IMP, in successively developing versions, has been used in Soviet and Russian crewed space missions ever since the world's first crewed spaceflight ( Yuri Gagarin, 12 April 1961) through every crewed Vostok, Voskhod and Soyuz mission until 2002. It also modulates electric signals from other instruments. It mechanically computes complex functions and displays its output through mechanical displacements of the globe and other indicator components. This instrument is a mechanical computer for navigation akin to the Norden bombsight. An electro-mechanical device in the tradition of complex post- World War II clocks such as master clocks, the Globus IMP instrument incorporates hundreds of mechanical components common to horology. It functions as an onboard, autonomous indicator of the spacecraft's location relative to Earth coordinates. It displays the nadir of the spacecraft on a rotating terrestrial globe. The IMP acronym stems from the Russian expression Indicator of position in flight, but the instrument is informally referred to as the Globus. Globus IMP instruments were spacecraft navigation instruments used in Soviet and Russian crewed spacecraft.
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